ANURA
FROGS & TOADS
FAMILIES BEGINNING WITH L-S

The Anura or Salienta is the largest suborder of the Amphibia containing all the "tailless amphibians", the frogs and toads, although all of them have tails in their larval form and some retain a tail into adulthood.

The list below is based on American Museum of Natural History Amphibian Species of the World
Online Reference version 5.4.
The common names for families are adopted from the AMNH list with additional proposed names in inverted commas.
New species are being described on a regular basis so the species counts will increase continually.

Note: due to the confusion over the higher level phylogeny of the Anura the families represented in the O'Shea photo library are listed in alphabetical rather than systematic order. This page contains those families beginning with L, up to S.
Note: these list may be incomplete as there are many anuran slides from earlier expeditions which remain to be catalogued.

Legend:
Photographic locality. Wherever possible precidence is given to wild specimens from known localitions, wherein the 'photographic locality' relates to the origin of the photographed specimens, rather than the taxon's entire range. The only exceptions are indicated by (captive) or (preserved specimen). These are either specimens photographed in captivity, where the locality given is a general distribution for the taxon, or preserved specimens photographed as biological voucher specimens.

Column D1. Digitized images - the bulk of the library consists of 35mm transparencies (mostly Kodachrome or Velvia) which are gradually being digitized [using Nikon CoolScan 4000 or Plustek OpticFilm 7600i] and stored on hard disc. 'X' indicates that digitized images are available, '[]' indicates that the transparencies of this taxon have yet to be digitized.

Column D2. Digital images - since 2005 digital images have also been taken [using Canon EOS 30D, 40D or 7D]. 'X' indicates that digital images are available in addition to digitized images for this taxon.

LEIUPERIDAE
DWARF FROGS & THEIR ALLIES

The Leiuperidae contains seven genera formerly included in the Leptodactylidae, with 86 species. Four of these genera are represented in the O'Shea library, each by a single species.

Leiuperidae Dwarf frogs and their allies

TUNGARA FROG Engystomops pustulosus Port of Spain, Trinidad

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LEPTODACTYLIDAE
"SOUTH AMERICAN FROGS & THEIR ALLIES"

The Leptodactylidae contains 100 species in four genera, most of them in the genus Leptodactylus, but many former genera have been moved to new families ie. Craugastoridae and Leuiperidae. The O'Shea library contains one genus and 15 species, with several more photographed taxa awaiting identification.

Leptodactylidae South American frogs & their allies

KNUDSEN'S BULLFROG Leptodactylus knudseni Ilha Maracá, Roraima, Brazil

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LIMNODYNASTIDAE
AUSTROPAPUAN GROUND FROGS

The Limnodynastidae contains eight genera and 43 species, with three genera and six species represented in the O'Shea library.

Limnodynastidae Austropapuan ground frogs

BLACK-RUMPED SLANT-TOOTHED FROG Lechriodus melanopyga Girigarande, Western, PNG

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MANTELLIDAE
"MANTELLAS"

The Madagascan Mantellidae contains three subfamilies, of one, two and nine genera and 72, four and 115 species respectively, a total of 191 species, represented here by a single species.

Mantellinae "Mantellas"

GOLDEN MANTELLA Mantella aurantiaca Madagascar

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MEGOPHRYIDAE
ASIAN LITTER FROGS

The Megophryidae contains ten genera and 156 species, but the O'Shea library only contains two species, from from different genera.

Megaphryidae Asian litter frogs

MJOBERG'S DWARF LITTER FROG Leptobrachella mjobergi Ulu Ulu, Temburong, Brunei

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MICROHYLIDAE
NARROW-MOUTHED TOADS

The Microhylidae contains 11 subfamilies, 56 genera and 487 species distributed worldwide, the O'Shea library contains four subfamilies, nine genera and 14 species from all continents where they occur.

Microhylidae Narrow-mouthed toads
NEW GUINEA STARRED FROG Asterophrys turpicola Oriomo, Western, PNG	SAMBAVA TOMATO FROG Dyscophus guineti Madagascar	GREAT PLAINS NARROW-MOUTHED TOAD Gastrophryne olivacea Ruby Road, Sierra Vista, Arizona, USA
	JAVAN BULLFROG Kaloula baleata Fatucahi, Manufahi Distr., Timor-Lleste
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MYOBATRACHIDAE
AUSTROPAPUAN TOADLETS

The Myobatrachidae contains 13 genera and 85 species, with two genera and three species in the photo library.

Myobatrachidae Austropapuan toadlets

COMMON FROGLET Crinia signifera Sydney Airport, New South Wales, Australia

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NYCTIBATRACHIDAE
ROBUST FROGS

The Nyctibatrachidae contains two genera and 17 species, with only a single species in the photo library.

Nyctibatrachidae Robust frogs

SRI LANKAN FANGED FROG Lankanectes corrugatus Gampola, Sri Lanka

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PETROPEDETIDAE
"AFRICAN RIVER FROGS"

Formerly part of the Ranidae, the Petropedatidae contains two genera and 18 species while the O'Shea library contains three species from one genus.

Petropedetidae "African water frogs"

FUCHS' WATER FROG Petropedatesvulpiae Korup NP, Southwest, Cameroon

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PHRYNOBATRACHIDAE
"AFRICAN PUDDLE FROGS"

Formerly part of the Ranidae, the Phrynobatrachidae contains a single genus of 82 species, but the O'Shea library only contains a single species.

Phrynobatrachidae "African puddle frogs"

NATAL PUDDLE FROG Phyrnobatrachus natalensis Korup NP, Southwest, Cameroon

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PIPIDAE
TONGUELESS FROGS

The Pipidae contains five genera and 33 species, the O'Shea library contains two species from two genera.

Pipidae Tongueless frogs

ARRABAL'S SURINAME TOAD Pipa arrabali Paramatakoi, Guyana

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PTYCHADENIDAE
GRASSLAND FROGS

Formerly contained with the Ranidae, the Ptychadenidae contains three genera and 53 species, but only a single species is contained in the photo library.

Ptychadenidae Grassland frogs

MASCARENE GRASSLAND FROG Ptychadena mascareniensis Korup NP, Southwest, Cameroon

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PYXICEPHALIDAE
AFRICAN BULLFROGS & THEIR ALLIES

The Pyxicephalidae was formerly part of the Ranidae. It now contains two subfamilies of 11 and two genera and 63 and five species respectively, while the photo librarycontains five genera and seven species.

Cacosterninae Sand & Dainty frogs	Pyxicephalinae African bullfrogs
TANDY'S SAND FROG Tomopterna tandyi Ongava GR, Namibia	AFRICAN BULLFROG Pyxicephalus adpsersus Durban, KwaZulu Natal, S.Africa
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RANIDAE
TRUE FROGS

The much reduced Ranidae contains 347 species in 16 genera. The O'Shea photo library contains 21 species from seven genera.

Ranidae True frogs
CHIRICAHUA LEOPARD FROG Lithobates chiricahuensis Ruby Road, Coronado National Forest, Arizona	WEST AFRICAN HARE FROG Hylarana lepus Korup NP, Southwest, Cameroon	BLACK-SPOTTED ROCK FROG Staurois guttatus Ulu Ulu, Temburong, Brunei
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RANIXALIDAE
INDIAN LEAPING FROGS

The Ranixalidae contains one genus of ten species. The photo library contains a single species.

Ranixalidae Indian leaping frogs

SHORT-LEGGED LEAPING FROG Indirana brachytarsus Agumbe, Karnataka, India

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RHACOPHORIDAE
FOAM-NEST TREEFROGS

The Rhacophoridae contains two subfamilies, one of four species in a single genus, the other of 317 species in 13 genera. The photo library contains eight species in four genera from the second subfamily, with several additional photographs unidentified.

Rhacophorinae Foam-nest treefrogs
GREY FOAM-NEST TREEFROG Chriomantis xerampelina Banghoek, Mkuze, KwaZulu Natal, S.Africa	VIETNAMESE MOSS FROG Theloderma corticale Vietnam
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FROGS & TOADS
FAMILIES BEGINNING WITH A-H